On each peatland type, we included an adjacent forestry. Peat has high global warming emissions and high environmental concerns. According to the ips, a mire refers to a peatland where peat is actively being formed table 7. Peatland area in indonesia ranks first in the world for tropical peatland and ranks fourth after canada, russia, and the usa for general peatland area. Cumulative impacts analysis focusing on potential nutrient loading and greenhouse gas emissions 2 2. Keywords acacia crassicarpa, eddy covariance measurements, forest plantation, indonesia, landuse change, methane emissions, peatland management, tropical peatlands. Gao et al biogeophysical impacts of peatland forestation on regional climate changes in finland be 9. The remainder is in poland, the uk, norway, germany, ireland, estonia, latvia, the netherlands and france. Today, about one third of finnish forests are regenerated naturally and two thirds artificially 2. Peatland drainage has roughly doubled the annual growth of wood on peat substrates in finland, and today approximately 20 % of timber growth in finland takes place in peatland forests tomppo 1999. Preferences of local people for the use of peatlands.
Growth and yield models for forest stands on drained. Finland holocene carbon dynamics and atmospheric radiative forcing of different types of peatlands in finland paul j. In finland drainage is the major cause of ecological degradation of peatland habitats and drainage for forestry has affected almost two thirds of the original peatland area. Hydraulic nutrient transport in a restored peatland buffer. In finland drainage is the major cause of ecological degradation of peatland habitats and drainage for forestry has affected almost two thirds of. In finland, the gap between science and practice is narrow national monitoring guidelines and future tools of restoration are planned in cooperation with topclass scientists and restoration experts a peatland restoration guidebook in finnish has been published recently and can be downloaded at. Biogeophysical impacts of peatland forestation on regional. However, peatlands in finland only represent a carbon stock of 2. This study summarizes the present knowledge of finnish peatland areas and carbon c storage in peat from 1950 to 2000.
Modeling mortality of individual trees in drained peatland sites in finland. The main purpose of this study was therefore to improve the possibility of estimating increment and yield of a stand after drainage by developing alternative regression functions for predicting the absolute volume increment and yield in stands on drained peatland sites in southern finland. Almost onethird of the peatland resource of europe is in finland, and more than a quarter is in sweden. In practical terms the most significant level of biodiversity is often considered to be species diversity, since this factor is comparatively. The results reveal a strong northern bias in the distribution of organic soils across europe. Box 27, fi00014 helsinki university, finland 2pirkanmaa regional environment centre, fi33300 tampere, finland. However, as national strategies can also act as a framework for subnational programmes or action. However, peatlands, together with their unique assemblage of plants and animals, are a seriously endangered western european habitat. Peatland forests constitute a significant timber resource in several boreal countries. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. A book of selected peatland stories was published in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the society in 1999. The handbook was produced with the help of dozens of finnish peatland experts. Widespread global peatland establishment and persistence over. Hard coal, which is more harmful, is only used as an emergency back.
The following pdf contains a complete list of almost 7000 peat and peatland related terms in english, german, finnish, swedish and russian. Peatland burning is mentioned in court protocols around 1640, but it might have been practiced in finland as early as the fourteenth century. Development of finnish peatland area and carbon storage 1950. The previous edition peatlands in finland came out in 1996, and the finnish edition in 1998. Bulk density values from other large peatland regions are higher than the mean bulk density of 0. Composite inventories of national peatland information, as presented here for europe, may serve to identify gaps and priority areas for field survey, and help to crosscheck and calibrate remote sensing based mapping approaches. At the global scale degradation of peatlands is recognised as a major and growing source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. A fen, or geogenous mire, is situated in depressions and receives water that has been in. Lateral expansion and carbon exchange of a boreal peatland in finland resulting in 7000 years of positive radiative forcing paul j. Modeling water table changes in boreal peatlands of finland under changing climate conditions. Wetlands 2006 ipcc guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories 7. We conducted a water level drawdown wld of 10 cm experiment over 17 years in three peatland types differing in their fertility. Modeling mortality of individual trees in drained peatland. Peatland restoration is now being adopted as a key priority for action in many parts of the world nordic and baltic region intensive hydrological and ecological restoration of peatlands is now taking place in reaction to centuries of drainage in denmark, estonia, sweden, and in finland where over 20,000 ha of peatlands drained for forestry.
Hydraulic nutrient transport in a restored peatland buffer niko silvan, tapani sallantaus2, harri vasander1 and jukka laine 1peatland ecology group, university of helsinki, department of forest ecology, p. Almost onethird of the european peatland resource is in finland, and more than a quarter is in sweden. On each peatland type, we included an adjacent forestry drained fd, with water table ca. Peatland strategies in europe 3 in a strategy, specific ecological, social and political conditions need to be taken into account. Pdf fertilization increased growth of scots pine and. Peatlands, climate change mitigation and biodiversity. In finland, there are 100,000 peatland unites single basins and one third units exceed 20 hectares, which provide convenience for researching and producing. Peatland restoration in finland 25 years of practise. The total peatland area of finland was estimated to published by copernicus publications on behalf of the european geosciences union. Tropical peatland covers about 10%12% of the worlds total peatland area, though it stores about 191 gt c page and rieley, 1998 or. Impact of forest plantation on methane emissions from. Millennialong climate warming impact afte r initiation of a boreal peatland in finland driven by lateral expansion and low carbon accumulation rates. The program aims at fitting peatland management options into the regional plan and it follows the principles presented in the finnish government program for the sustainable use of mires and peatlands launched in 2012. The aim of this guidebook is to increase understanding of the ecological base for peatland habitat restoration, and thereby promote effective peat.
Overall, peat depth is estimated conservatively, which explains why the. Ecological restoration in drained peatlands best practices. Aug 28, 2008 this study summarizes the present knowledge of finnish peatland areas and carbon c storage in peat from 1950 to 2000. Development of finnish peatland area and carbon storage.
During the boreal peatland life project, a new comprehensive handbook for the restoration of drained peatlands was published in finnish in. It may be compared to brown coal or worse than this lowest rank of coal. Fertilization increased growth of scots pine and financial performance of forest management in a drained peatland in finland article pdf available in silva fennica 493. Lateral expansion and carbon exchange of a boreal peatland. It compiles the knowhow accumulated over more than 25 years of peatland habitat restoration in finland, together with useful background ecological information on peat and the hydrology of peatlands. Peat forms when plant material does not fully decay in acidic and anaerobic conditions. Peatlands constitute in the nordic and baltic states. Pdf undrained peatland areas disturbed by surrounding.
Responsible peatland management will provide livelihood opportunities for local people, respect their rights, heritage and traditions, and promote gender equality. If other data were absent and other depths were not plausible we have considered peatlands to have an average peat depth of 2 m. Pdf modeling water table changes in boreal peatlands of. Large areas of peatland in europe, totalling 450 000 km2 11 % from the total global area, have been utilised for centuries for agriculture and forestry figure 84. Pdf development of finnish peatland area and carbon storage. Development of finnish peatland area and carbon storage 19502000 jukka turunen geological survey of finland, kuopio unit, p. Mathijssen1, noora kahkola2, juhapekka tuovinen3, annalea lohila3. Undrained peatland areas disturbed by surrounding drainage.
A bog, also known as an ombrogenous mire, is raised above the surrounding landscape and receives water only from precipitation. Other parties involved in the project were the central finland centre for economic development, transport and the environment, and university of jyvaskyla. At present there are approximately 400 members in the society. Peatlands are referred to by various names such as bogs, fens, and mires. In comparison with forests on mineral soils, a divergent feature in the management of peatland stands is the ditch network maintenance. Finland fenland, and its finnish edition were published in july 2008. It was most common in the peatrich region of ostrobothnia on the western coast of finland, where it compensated for the diminution of forest resources caused by slashandburn cultivation and tar burning. This slowly creates wetter conditions that allow the area of wetland to expand. Peat is the most harmful energy source for global warming in finland. For searching a certain term, click the link below and search the term using ctrl f cmd f on mac. We model peatland c stocks from 126 ka to the preindustrial 1850 ce using an earth system model of. Protected 12,2 % pristine state 32,4 % forestry 51,2 % finnish peat resources. Pdf canopy stratification in peatland forests in finland.
Methane emissions from a peatland following restoration. Widespread global peatland establishment and persistence. Burning cultivation of peatlands in finland environment. Pdf development of finnish peatland area and carbon. Financing peatland restoration across europe successes, lessons learnt and way forward micheal o briain and juan perez lorenzo dg environment joint bes and iucn uk peatland programme symposium 2012 investing in peatlands demonstrating success 28 june 2012. Peatland restoration in finland 25 years of practise makes. Lateral expansion and carbon exchange of a boreal peatland in. About half of the original peatland area of finland has been drained for forestry purposes. Restoration of these altered peatland ecosystems is being applied to reduce these carbon emissions.
Peatlands, climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation 7 the purpose of this issue brief is to draw attention to greenhouse gas emissions from drained peatlands and to the opportunities for climate change mitigation by peatland rewetting. In finland, peatlands have been intensively managed with largescale drainage operations to enhance growth of the stands. Small areas of peat and peattopped soils also occur in. Peat energy in finland describes peat energy use in finland.
Mathijssen academic dissertation to be presented for public examination, with the permission of the faculty of biological and environmental sciences of the university of helsinki, in auditorium 1041, biocenter 2, viikki campus. Special thanks for ideas and inputs go to all the authors of the towards climateresponsible peatlands management guidebook and the members of the peatlands and climate change mitigation group for organic soils and the peatlands mitigation. The southwestern corner and the south coast of finland have a narrow zone where oak, maple, ash and elm grow. Development of finnish peatland area and carbon storage 19502000.